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The following topics can be found in this area:
cracks , grooves , damages , slags , scabs and corrosion
The represented examples don't have to lead to the
failure of the material in every case. These are merely examinations of indications
on the material surface, which differs from the standard.
At the enlarged views a measuring function is available.
The measuring spots 1 and 2 get specified with the left mouse button and the distance
between them gets computed on base of the magnification scale. An optical measuring
point marking takes place on the screen by means of little measuring crosses. For the
use of the measuring function you must activate Javascript in your browser.
Measuring accuracy of the different magnifications:
12,5 : 1 ca.
9 µm
50 : 1 ca.
2 µm
100 : 1 ca.
1 µm
200 : 1 ca.
0,5 µm
500 : 1 ca.
0,2 µm
1000 : 1 ca.
0,1 µm
 F002
- Chromium oxide on the surface - 1.4016
 F004
- Mechanical damage of the surface - 1.7076
 F005
- Foreign material in the surface - 1.7225
 F006
- Rust scars - 1.7077
 F007
- Scale scars - 1.4303
 F010
- Drawn-in drawing agent - 1.4301
 F011
- Corner cracks at the drawing - 1.4122
 F012
- Broken helical spring - 1.7176
 F013
- Scabs on the surface - 1.4305
 F014
- Burst at the bulging - 1.7709
 F015
- Burst open upsetting sample - 1.4303
 F016
- Scabs on the surface - 1.4305
 F017
- Burst open upsetting sample - 1.4301
 F018
- Corroded plate surface - 1.4301
 F019
- Stress crack at the wire - 1.7707
 F020
- Pincher - 1.4016
 F022 - Sharpened slag line - 1.8519
 F023 - Pre-material defect , scabs - 1.4305
 F024 - Breaks at the bending - 1.7102
 F025 - Pincher - 1.2381
 F026 - Rolled-in scale - 1.7707
 F027 - Pincher - 1.7034
 F028 - Pointed roll scratch - 1.8519
 F029 - Strong corrosion at chain links - 1.4571
 F030 - Surface cracks at the drawing - 1.4301
 F031 - Burst of screw head at the compression - 1.7034
 F032 - Burst of screw head at the compression - 1.7076
 F033 - Burst of screw head at the compression - 1.7034
 F034 - Lines with strong pickling attack - 1.4401
 F036 - Grain boundary attack - 1.4303
 F037 - Pincher - 1.4113
 F038 - Pincher - 1.4104
 F039 - Mechanical damage - 1.7225
 F040 - Formation of friction martensite at the drawing - 1.6582
 F041 - Burst open upsetting sample - 1.4303
 F042 - Intercrystalline corrosion - 1.4105
 F043 - Pre-material defect , cracks at the billet - 1.6582
 F044 - Solid abrasive was pressed into the surface - 1.4301
 F045 - Rolled in foreign material - 1.7076
 F046 - Burst of screw head at the compression - 1.7709
 F047 - Torn at the drawing - 1.4305
 F048 - Stress crack after the rolling - 1.2357
 F049 - Flat roll scratch - 1.7034
 F050 - Rolled in foreign material - 1.7709
 F051 - Rest of scale on the wire surface - 1.8523
 F053 - Scale scars through too long annealing time - 1.4305
 F054 - Rolling fin - 1.6582
 F055 - Scab on the surface - 1.7034
 F056 - Rest of scale after the pickling - 1.4301
 F057 - Strong pickling attack with grain boundary attack - 1.4567
 F058 - Rest of scale after the grinding - 1.4305
 F059 - Overlap by an surface near slag - 1.4105
 F060 - Roll scratch - 1.7139
 F061 - Rolled-in scale - 1.4003
 F063 - Pre-material defect on the billet - 1.7034
 F065 - Stress crack on the rod wire - 1.8523
 F066 - Slag under the surface - 1.4105
 F067 - Hardening stress crack - 1.7035
 F068 - Pressed in rolling fin - 1.7709
 F070 - Scratch after grinding - 1.4104
 F073 - Surface near slag - 1.4301
 F074 - Stress crack at a helical spring - 1.8159
 F075 - Pincher - 1.2842
 F076 - Rolling fin - 1.2381
 F077 - Shear cracks at a pressed part - 1.5513
 F078 - Stress crack after the roll cooling - 1.2550
 F079 - Strong pickling attack - 1.4105
 F080 - Grain boundary attack - 1.4301
 F081 - Scab out of foreign material - 1.4305
 F082 - Slags and titanium carbides - 1.4872
 F083 - Stress crack in a nitrided component - 1.8507
 F084 - Drawn-in scale - 1.2826
 F085 - Broken nitrided case - 1.7131
 F086 - Flat roll scratch - 1.4401
 F087 - Overpickled surface - 1.4305
 F088 - Slag under the surface - 1.7707
 F089 - Stress crack - 1.8519
 F090 - Surface bursts at a tensile test - 1.7131
 F091 - Stress corrosion cracking at a screw - 1.4404
 F092 - Rust scars and corrosion - 1.4301
 F093 - Pincher - 1.7076
 F094 - Groove defect by shelling at the roll - 1.7139
 F095 - Strong grain boundary oxidation - 1.2201
 F096 - Scale pits with grain boundary oxidation - 1.4303
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